DPS Vasant Kunj – Nukkad Natak – 1st Position

The students of the Expressions Theatre Club of Delhi Public School R.K.Puram participated in the Nukkad Natak Competition held by the Economics Club of Delhi Public School Vasant Kunj on 8 December 2023. They were guided by the teacher in charge, Ms. Sanya Taneja. The students presented an engrossing Street Play on the topic: “Kal Ho Na Ho”, highlighting the concerning themes of environmental pollution with their message and secured first position. The participating students were as follows:

Anshika Sadhu (XI-R), Avni Gupta (XI-J), Gurmanya Singh Oberoi (XI-A), Miraan Veer Duggal (XI-R), Shaurya Datta (11-P), Shaurya Veer Singh (XI-J) and Vansh Baweja (XI-J)

Assembly XI-T & XI-W (30-11-2023)

TOPIC – “UTTARAKHAND UNVEILED: THE JEWEL OF HIMALAYAS”

“जो देवताओं का परम धाम है ,

जिस मिट्टी को करता हर जीव प्रणाम है,

जहां गंगा आरती से सँवरती हरिद्वार की शाम है,

उस साक्षात स्वर्ग का उत्तराखण्ड नाम है।” – अलंकृति

Uttarakhand, known as the ‘Land of Gods’, is a beautiful state located in Northern India. Its diverse landscape is lined with majestic mountains, gushing rivers, serene forests and ancient temples. To showcase the rich cultural heritage of this state, the students of XI-T and XI-W came together for their Class Assembly, portrayed through a rhythmic skit. 

The Assembly commenced with an ardent prayer performed by Pranav Chopra, Pranshu Ladha, Priyasha Kaushik, Rudraansh Deb, Sampurna Sen, Aahana Sharma, Advaya Narayan Sharma, Lakshita Popli, Nysha Nayar and Yashvi Joshi. This was followed by a lyrical skit performance meshed into an early morning scene in the Mana village which was presented by Anamika, Ananya Jain, Asmi Agarwal, Mona, Anjika Anand, Lakshita Popli, Navya Datt, Plaksha Devshi, Rishita Mangal, Ritika Tiwari, Ruhee Tandan and Svara Saxena. Shiv Bhakti is an integral aspect of the spiritual fabric of Uttarakhand. A powerful Shiv Aradhana was performed by the dancers of XI-T and XI-W – Aarushi Bhatia, Shombita Bandopadhyay, Ayanna Goel, Navya Datt, Plaksha Devshi and Tvesha Saigal. The Hindi Samachar was read by Himangi Kukreja, Navya Jain, Aprameya and Simran Alung. An expressive form of Yoga, as practised in the Himalayas, was showcased by Krishna, Naina Chauhan and Purnima. Thereafter, a soulful rendition of a popular folk song from Uttarakhand ‘Aades Bhole Baba’ was sung by – Pranav Chopra, Pranshu Ladha, Priyasha Kaushik, Rudraansh Deb, Sampurna Sen, Aahana Sharma, Advaya Narayan Sharma, Lakshita Popli and Nysha Nayar – to rousing applause. It was followed by the recitation of a Sanskrit Shloka on ‘Nature and Diversity’ by Ritika Tiwari. The penultimate act was an energetic performance of the folk dance Ghughuti by Aarushi Bhatia, Isha Kaicker, Naina Chauhan, Shombita Bandopadhyay, Plaksha Devshi and Purnima. The concluding act was a mesmerising group dance which rejuvenated the audience and was performed on ‘Bhakt Nahi Bhala’ by Aarushi Bhatia, Ayanna Goel, Isha Kaicker, Naina Chauhan, Navya Datt, Plaksha Devshi, Purnima, Shombita Bandopadhyay and Tvesha Saigal. The folders for the assembly invitations were crafted by Diya Malik, Naisha Kejriwal and Shanaya Nanda, and the cards were made by Diya Malik and Mysha Khurana. Diya Malik, Mysha Khurana, Naisha Kejriwal and Shanaya Nanda decorated the soft boards for the assembly. E – Invites for the class assembly were prepared by Ananya Singh, and the digital presentation was also put together and presented by Ananya Singh. The show melodiously came to an end with the playing of the School Anthem, followed by the National Anthem. The class assembly of XI – T and XI – W perfectly encapsulated the essence of Uttarakhand and left a long – lasting impact in the minds of the audience.

30 NOVEMBER 2023, THURSDAY
CLASSES XI T & XI W
CLASS TEACHERS – MR ARANI BAKSI & MS AASTHA KOCHAR
VICE PRINCIPAL – MR ANIL KUMAR KATHURIA
CLASS REPRESENTATIVE – MS KUSUM YADAV
ACTIVITY INCHARGE – MS PREETI PRATIHARI

Assembly IX-K & IX-N (07-12-2023)

TOPIC – “BONDS OF BLISS- FRIENDSHIP”

The assembly by classes IX K and IX N was a celebration of the beautiful tapestry of friendship that exists between students. The theme, aimed to highlight the diverse friendships that have blossomed within the school community.

The assembly began with a soulful morning prayer sung by Aarav A, Aarav D, Aarav G, Apurna, Daman, Kavnoor, Ritvik Thakur, Ritwik Gupta,Reet, Madhav ,Oishee, Adit, Aryaman, Vivaan, Ali, Rinhlua, Zaeem, Viraj, Rithym, Sujal, Meet, Aarav, Yatee, Saina, Anav, Naitik. A beautiful ‘Ganesh Vandana’ dance was performed by Sannidhi and Tisha. The Thoughts for the Day were presented by Sanna, Pia, Mannat, Dhruv, Garv and Kartik. The news headlines for the day were read by Nawfal, Yasir, Armaan and Naman. Kavnoor and Mrinank took turns to recite their self composed poems expressing their thoughts on friendship.

A soulful group song performance was presented by Aarav D, Aarav G, Hriday, Jaiveer, Kartik, Kasihka, Kavnoor, Lakshay, Madhav, Oishee, Aarav, Ahaan, Atharv, Mannat, Nauman, Pavnaj, Hiba, Yatee. The western instrumental orchestra came next on stage comprising of Neel, Myra, Naitik, Ayon, Myra, Shreya, Aryaman and Elina. Thereafter, the energy of the stage was taken a notch higher by western group dance performances by Riddhi, Ishita, Yog, Riddhi, Siddhi, Lakshay, Rayna, Aanya, Amrisha and Yantika. To illustrate the theme, Ahaan, Jasmine, Mrinank, Jasmine, Aarav, Viraj, Sannidhi, Tisha, Nawfal and Rushil performed a skit showcasing friendships that transcended cultural, academic, and personal differences. Through these performances, they conveyed the message that true friendship knows no boundaries.

The comperes of the programme were Khwahish, Tamira, Arshia, Atharv and Manaal. The folders, handmade invites were made by Hiba and Tisha. The board for the assembly was made by Pia , Oishee, Siddhi and Apurna. The Digital presentation was made by Pia and Ayon.

7 DECEMBER 2023, THURSDAY
CLASSES IX K & IX N
CLASS TEACHERS – MS DEEPIKA SINGH & MS BHUMIKA GUPTA
HEADMISTRESS – MS RASHMI MALHOTRA
CLASS REPRESENTATIVE – MR SANCHIT CHAUHAN
ACTIVITY INCHARGE – MS KAVERI DHAR

Inter School International Tech Symposium Geek A Heartz

An Inter School International Tech Symposium Geek<a/>Hertz 2023 was organized by St. Marks School, Meera Bagh from 16th November 2023 to 30th November 2023. The members of Exun, Domain Square+, Roboknights and Digex club of DPS RK Puram participated in the same and won the OVERALL TROPHY.

Over all 2nd runners up”  in the “Vigvanijya” National inter DPS Science and Commerce Festival

DPS R K Puram shares the “Over all 2nd runners up”  in the “Vigvanijya” National inter DPS Science and Commerce Festival  hosted by Delhi Public School, Azaad Nagar, Kanpur with DPS Vasant Kunj, Delhi

A team of four students comprising Siyona Arora (11-P), Pranshu Gupta (11-Q), Ajitansh Kar (11-L), and Tejas Bal (11-E) from Delhi Public School, R K Puram, participated in all the competitive sub-events of the “Vigvanijya” National Inter DPS Science and Commerce Festival, organized by the DPS Society and hosted by Delhi Public School, Azaad Nagar, Kanpur, U.P. The team bagged 2nd runner-up in the robotics event “Robomania.” They also secured the 2nd runner-up in the Science and Commerce Quiz named “SCICOMBLITZ” to raise the points tally for DPS RK Puram to share the “Overall 2nd runner-up” position with DPS Vasant Kunj.

LANGUAGE FEST 2023

“Learning another language is not only learning different words for the same things, but learning another way to think about things.” –Flora Lewis

Delhi Public School, R.K. Puram hosted its annual Language Festival on 2nd December 2023. The event witnessed enthusiastic participation from students of various schools from across Delhi NCR.This event aimed to provide students with a platform to display their talent  and to help them travel across the realms of imagination through their linguistic proficiencies.It was jointly organised by teachers from the Hindi, Sanskrit and Foreign Languages Department inorder to fostered a deeper understanding of foreign and domestic languages.

The Language Festival featured two events by each Foreign Language Department. The Ad-Zap events were a unique showcase of advertisements by the students of classes VI to VIII in their respective languages on the topics, ‘Secret of Good Health’ and ‘Daily-Use Products’. In the Just A Minute events, participants of classes IX and X presented fluent speeches on the topic, ‘One Earth, One Family and One Future’. 

The German events included Werbung, the Ad-Zap event for the students of classes VI-VIII, wherein the participants prepared and presented short advertisements on the topics, Geheimnis guter Gesundheit und Produkte für den täglichen Gebrauch. The event was judged by Ms. Sarika Kapoor Nayyar, Assistant Professor (German) at Amity University Noida and Ms. Mehak Talwar, Assistant Professor at the Department of Germanic and Romance Studies, University of Delhi. The second event, Just A Minute, for students of classes IX and X, was judged by Ms. Vijaya Debnath, Senior German Teacher at Sarvottam Public School, Noida.

The French events included Just A Minute, wherein the participants of classes IX and X spoke on the topic, Une Terre, Une famille et un Avenir. The judges for this event were   Ms. Rajni Bachwani, project manager (chargée de mission bourse) at IFI, French Embassy and Ms. Pooja Arora, Assistant Professor (French) at Amity University. Another French event, an Ad-Zap event on the topics Le Secret d’Une Bonne Santé and Les Produits d’Usage Quotidien, was judged by Ms. Babusha Verma, French Faculty at St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi.

The Spanish events included Just A Minute, for students of classes IX and X on the topic, Una Tierra, una Familia y un Futuro. The event’s judges were Mr. Christy Varghese, Spanish Language Teacher at Heritage International Xperiential School, Gurgaon, and Ms.Ghazal Aggarwal, former Spanish Professor at North Cap University. The second event, Ad-Zap was judged by Ms. Shweta Agarwal, Spanish Professor at Instituto Cervantes, New Delhi, and Ms. Tanya Gupta, a Spanish Teacher affiliated with the Embassy of Spain.

The Hindi Department organised the event, दादी -नानी की कहानी, कठपुतली की ज़ुबानी, a vibrant story-telling competition for students of classes VI to VIII, judged by Ms. Kaumudi Sharma, and Ms. Fatima Kirmani,  both eminent and respected experts in the field of Hindi language and literature. . 

Their second event was a captivating talk show on the topic, कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (Artificial Intelligence) पर चर्चा, for the students of classes IX and XI. This event was judged by Dr. Deendayal, Assistant Professor at Janki Devi Memorial College, and Ms. Santosh Kumari ‘Sampriti’, Language Teacher at Modern Convent School, Dwarka.

The Sanskrit events started with सोपकरणम्-संस्कृतेन कथा-कथनम्, a story-telling competition for the students of classes VI to VIII. The event was judged by Ms. Amla Thukral, former Head of the Sanskrit Department at Delhi Public School, R.K. Puram, and Dr. Green Awasthi, Assistant Professor at the Kamla Nehru College of the University of Delhi. The second event, संस्कृत-भाषणम् was a speech oration competition for the students of classes IX and X, on the topic, Importance of moral values in the contemporary era. This event’s judges were Ms. Vidisha Kant, Assistant Professor at the Apparel Training and Design Centre, and Ms. Meenu Lata, Senior Sanskrit Teacher at ITL Public School, Dwarka.

The valedictory ceremony commenced with the lighting of the lamp by the Chief Guest, Mr. Pratap Somvanshi, Managing Editor at the Hindustan, the leading Hindi Daily Newspaper, and the Guest of Honour, Dr. Sheetal Sharma, Assistant Professor at the Centre for European Studies of the Jawaharlal Nehru University, the Vice Principal, Mr. Anil Kathuria (Head of the Foreign Languages Department) and the Headmistress, Ms. Rashmi Malhotra.

This was  followed by an Odissi dance recital which set a harmonious tone to the ceremony. After which, the Chief Guest and the Guest of Honour were felicitated by the Vice Principal and Headmistress respectively.The Vice Principal, Mr. Anil Kathuria, in his address to the audience, appreciated the spirited performances of the participants  and congratulated them for their sincere efforts. This was followed by the Guest of Honour, Dr. Sheetal Sharma’s address to the audience. The Chief Guest, Mr. Pratap Somvanshi, during his address, highlighted the perseverance of the students and congratulated them on their hard work. Adopting the idea of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ the dancers presented a mesmerising Flamenco dance. Ms. Rashmi Malhotra, announced the Overall Winners and congratulated them on their achievement.

Delhi Public School, Noida emerged as the overall winner and was presented with a trophy. 

Concludingly, Ms. Seema Mehta, Head of the Hindi and Sanskrit Department, proposed the vote of thanks. The event came to an end with the National Anthem.

LANGUAGEEVENT NAMECLASSPOSITIONSCHOOL NAMEPARTICIPANT NAME
HINDIदादी नानी की कहानी कठपुतली की ज़ुबानीVI-VIIIFIRSTDelhi Public School FaridabadBHANAVI SINGH
SECONDLotus Valley International School, GurugramDelhi Public School, R.K PuramSHANAYA SURINIKUNJ
THIRDDelhi Public School Mathura RoadVIVAAN MODA
HINDIटॉक शोIX-XIFIRSTDelhi Public School FaridabadKRITIKA ; RIDDHI CHUGH
SECONDDELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL ROHINIPARTHVI GAGOI; KUHU
THIRDDelhi Public School, NoidaSUGAURI RASTOGI; ADYOT SHREE
SANSKRITकथा कथनम्VI-VIIIFIRSTDelhi Public School, NoidaNIYA SARVATRA
SECONDDelhi Public School Vasant Kunj,New Delhi -70KISHAN SEHGAL
THIRDBluebells School InternationalANVITA BAHUKHANDI
SANSKRITसंस्कृतभाषणम् IX-XFIRSTDelhi Public School Vasant Kunj,New Delhi -70LAKSH DANGWAL
SECONDMAYOOR SCHOOLKRITIKA UPADHYAY
THIRDDelhi Public School, Maruti KunjYUVRAJ
GermanAd-ZapVI-VIIIFIRSTBal Bharati Public School, GRHMKRIYANSH AGGARWAL  ANGAD SINGH
SECONDDelhi Public School Vasant Kunj,New Delhi -70AARADHYA BARIYAR SAMYRA SAINI
THIRDDelhi Public School, NoidaHIFAZ UR RAHMAN GARVITA VARSHNEY
GermanJust a MinuteIX-XFIRSTDelhi Public School, NoidaSHAURYA SINGHDIPIKA SINGH
SECONDDelhi Public School FaridabadJAUNITA ROSE TOBYJASMEET SINGH
THIRDGD GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL VASANT KUNJASHREYA BHUTANI, AANYA MALIK
SpanishAd-ZapVI-VIIIFIRSTDelhi Public School, NoidaNAITIK MITTAL ; SEERAT MALIK
SECONDGD GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL VASANT KUNJAANYA SINGH ; AARINI MALHOTRA
THIRDDelhi Public School, R.K PuramLotus Valley International School, GurugramKRISHNAV SINGH ; VEERAAJ GAMBHIRARSHIYA GARG ; NAVIKA ARORA
SpanishJust a MinuteIX-XFIRSTGD GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL VASANT KUNJDelhi Public School, R.K PuramRIYA SABHARWALPRATHAM BHALLA
SECONDDPS INDIRAPURAMSHRISTI TYAGI
THIRDDelhi Public School, NoidaMISHITA MISHRA
FrenchAd-ZapVI-VIIIFIRSTBal Bharati Public School, GRHMHIMANI GAUR ; KAIRAV
SECONDDelhi Public School Vasant Kunj,New Delhi -70NAMAN KAR ; RIYA GUPTA
THIRDDelhi Public School, NoidaDelhi Public School, R.K. PuramAANYA ARORA ; SHIVALI BHARDWAJDEVAANG BAJAJ ; AKSHARA AGRAWAL
FrenchJust a MinuteIX-XFIRSTDelhi Public School Vasant Kunj,New Delhi -70DEVANSHI NAGPAL
SECONDDelhi Public School, Maruti KunjDelhi Public School, R.K PuramKRISHAAARAV ANAND
THIRDDPS INDIRAPURAMGURNOOR KAUR

Assembly VIII-J & VIII-K (06-12-2023)

TOPIC – “SEVA PARMO DHARMA- SERVICE TO HUMANITY IS THE HIGHEST RELIGION.”

Seva parmo dharma implies “service to humanity is the highest religion”. In the words of Swami Vivekananda, “service to mankind is service to god”.

To celebrate service as the highest religion and invoke humanity within ourselves, Classes VIII J and VIII K came together for their Class Assembly on ‘Seva Parmo Dharma’. It began with an ardent prayer to the Lord by Ray, Samaira, Mehr, Amaira, Sachin, Viraj, Jasjeev, Vansh, Gariima, Deepansh, Aryaveer, Dhaniasha, Manya, Medhansh, Varsha, Aditi, Aanvi, Sanvi and Ananya. This was followed by a beautiful classical dance by Prapti, Amisha, Irsia and Aditi. The recitation of the Sanskrit Shlok and its meaning was done by Shaylah. Thereafter, Aryamman and Satvik presented a thoughtful speech based on the topic. The news bulletin was read by Antarjot, Arjun, Ryan, Jai, Aarav Verma. The thoughts for the day were expressed by Avjit and Pranit.

Thereafter, two self-composed poems recited by Divija and Omansh reflected the importance of service. It was followed by a musical instrumental performance presented by Vansh, Nathan, Satvik, Ray, Samarth, Pranet, Vardaan, Shaurya, Reyhaan, Samaira, Amaira, Jasjeev and Arnav. The skit put up by Divija, Siyona, Vardaan, Guneet, Avjit, Suyasha, Shaurya, Avjit, Maahir, Aditya, Pranet, Reaansh, Gariima, Smyaan, Ayushman, Bhavik, Ayaan, Sakshi, Sanaya, Varun, Medhansh, Aahana, Sanvi, Sifat, Shaylah, Ayaan, Aviral ,Twisha and Himanshu showcased how service is not only important to human beings but also to animals. The concluding act was a dance performance by Prapti, Amisha, Irsia, Devyangi, Seona, Varsha, Aditi, Amairaa, Aanya and Manya.

The comperes of the programme were Anusha and Adhiraj. The soft board, folders and invitation cards for the assembly were made by Suyasha, Amisha, Divija, Amaira, Siyona, Yuvraj, Avjit, Ray, Omansh, Viraj, Dhaniasha, Devyangi, Aanvi, Unesh and Arnav Gupta. The audio editing and the Digital presentation was made and presented by Rishan, Yuvraj and Aarav Jawa.

6 DECEMBER 2023, WEDNESDAY
CLASSES VIII J & VIII K
CLASS TEACHERS – MS MANSA MARY THOMAS & MS PRIYANKA YADAV
HEADMISTRESS – MS ANUBHA GOPAL
CLASS REPRESENTATIVE – MS EKTA ARORA
ACTIVITY INCHARGE – MS PREETI PRATIHARI & MS BHARTI SHUKLA (CULTURAL)

Assembly XI-U & XI-V (05-12-2023)

TOPIC – “SMILE THROUGH THE STORM”

‘Trust God in the storms of your life and have hope in the rainbow’

An invigorating and meaningful start to the day was presented by the students of Class XI U and XI V on the topic- ‘Smile through the Storms’. The comperes for the assembly were Manini, Shambhavi, Aashna and Nabeel. Sanskrit shloka and its translation was presented by Vidhi. News was delivered by Deevit, Sahana, Dishita and Rahini. Thought for the day was shared by Retish. Morning prayer was chanted by Aaditi, Anushka, Arnav, Shreya, Srishti, Debanjana, Jiah, Suhani, Shagun, Shefali, Samriddhi, Shahnaz, Priyanka, Sakshi, Anita, Prachi, Yashvita, Niyati, Yuvika, Kaushiki, Pratiti, Ananta, Agrim, Mihika, Yashvita, Niyati, Sohaum, Kaushiki and Yuvika. Indian song was vocalised by Jiah, Shagun, Priyanka, Samriddhi, Srishti, Anita, Tashvi, Debanjana, Shefali, Prachi, Shahnaz, Aaditi, Suhani, Sakshi, Kabir, Sarthak, Ananta, Pratiti, Agrim, Mihika, Yashvita, Niyati, Sohaum and Kaushiki. An energetic Western song was sung  by Prachi, Tashvi, Debanjana, Anushka, Parvi, Yashvita, Sarthak, Kabir, Sohaum, Agrim, Pratiti, Yuvika, Kaushiki, Niyati, Mihika and Vineet and assisted by Instrumentalists, namely, Lita, Zorin, Retish, Ananya, Sohaum and Shambhavi. Fusion dance was showcased by Dhani, Sonali, Tia, Rozina and Riyank. Self-composed poems and articles were shared by Sonali, Manini, Agrim and Vishesh. Cards, Folders and Soft board were designed by Jiah, Shreya, Arnav, Ananta, Ayana, Tanvi, Ojas, Radhika, Nishtha and Shubhangi. The E- invite was prepared by Shreeya. Digital presentation was designed and managed by Prisha and Savarni.

5 DECEMBER 2023, TUESDAY
CLASSES XI U & XI V
CLASS TEACHERS – MS PRIYAM SHARMA & MS SHILPA PURI
VICE PRINCIPAL – MR ANIL KUMAR KATHURIA
CLASS REPRESENTATIVE – MS KUSUM YADAV
ACTIVITY INCHARGE – MS PREETI PRATIHARI

Inter DPS – Dramatic Extract  – Third Position

The students of the Expressions Theater club of Delhi Public School R.K Puram participated in the Inter-DPS English literary fest 2023: “A Brave New World” organized by Delhi Public School International Saket on 2 December 2023. They were mentored by the teacher incharge Ms. Sanya Taneja. The students presented an act on the provided theme “Two Characters in Search of Actors” playing the classic characters of Eliza Doolittle and Mr. Higgins from the well-known play by Bernard Shaw, Pygmalion. The performance beautifully imprinted the tale of the two characters. The team successfully secured the Third position. The participants were as follows: 

Reyansh Chadha (XI-K) and  Saanvi Bajaj (XI-R).

QUERY LEADS TO DISCOVERY

Learning by doing: Students discover antibacterial activity in Lantana,an invasive weed of Delhi

Research Project by Class VIII Students of DPS RK Puram selected for State Level Science Congress organized by NCSTC in collaboration with DoE & Department of Science & Technology,Govt. Of India on December 2,2023 at Modern Public  School, B Block, West Shalimar Bagh, Delhi

District Level Children’s Science Congress was held on October 1, 2023 in Virtual Mode (zoom meeting).Experiential learning plays a crucial role as it emphasizes active engagement, application of science  and equips students with the skills, competencies, and mindset required for success in the 21st century. A perfect example here is the research project done by 2 students.

Simple queries of the two friends led to a series of experiments resulting in a series of amazing findings.The queries were ‘Why do dogs eat away lantana plants from my garden and how can I protect sprouted grains from microbial attack and increase shelf life without using synthetic chemicals? 

Nanya Gupta & Aavya Shrivastava of Class VIII I of Delhi Public School,R K Puram under the mentorship of  Ms Niva Chhonkar, Head of the Biology Department carried out the Research Project to get a scientific explanation and solution to their queries. 

Part of the Lab Work was carried out at Sri Venkateswara College,New Delhi. 

The experiment consisted of using leaf extract of Lantana and assessing its antimicrobial properties and comparing it with the already established antimicrobial properties of Neem and Tulsi. 

The most common bacteria, E.coli,Common fungi- Rhizopus (Bread Mold) and Aspergillus (found as black powder on onions these days) were used.